Insights into EV battery fires

A maritime classification society has developed an advanced simulation modelling of thermal runaway in lithium-ion battery fires to help improve the safety of transporting EVs by sea.

Thermal runaway occurs when batteries overheat until catching fire or exploding and usually starts if the battery is damaged, overcharged or short-circuited.

The model created by the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) has been validated with Texas A&M University research and replicates the thermal runaway profile at the battery cell level.

ABS says this provides detailed insight into the total heat released and can guide the appropriate firefighting response. 

It notes the batteries that power EVs pose unique fire risks, as lithium-ion battery fires can be difficult to extinguish, burn at extremely high temperatures, generate flammable and toxic gases, and may reignite even after being seemingly controlled.

Christopher J. Wiernicki, ABS chairman and chief executive officer, adds: “Runaway electric vehicle fires can reach temperatures of 1,200F [650C] or higher and present unprecedented safety challenges to the shipping industry, which connects manufactured vehicles to global markets. 

“ABS is at the forefront of the industry’s response to this, which requires a blend of advanced technology, safety excellence and shipping insight. 

“Developing the ability to accurately predict the behaviour of these fires is a perfect example of this and will be a foundation of the ultimate solution.”

A number of high-profile fires on car carriers have involved EVs, including the Morning Midas, Fremantle Highway and Felicity Ace, pictured.

Besides its latest modelling, the ABS is also funding research with partners around the world, including at Texas A&M University, where battery fire prevention and response is one of eight research priorities.